• Period: Asuka Period / Nara Period
• Occupation: shikibu-kyō
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Fujiwara no Momokawa (son) Fujiwara no Hirotsugu (son) Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (son) Fujiwara no Kiyonari (son) Fujiwara no Kurajimaro (son) Fujiwara no Miyako (sister) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (sister) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (brother) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (brother) Fujiwara no Maro (brother)
• Birth: 694AD
• Death: 737AD

Fujiwara no Umakai

Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原 宇合) was a member of the Fujiwara Clan and founder of the Shikike Branch of the family.

Living from 694-737 he was the son of Fujiwara no Fubito and was Chief of Protocol at court with the title of shikibu-kyō. He died during a smallpox epidemic in 737.¹

He had several sons, these being Fujiwara no Momokawa, Fujiwara no Hirotsugu,¹ Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu and Fujiwara no Kiyonari.²

Footnotes

1. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
2. Brinkley, F. (1915) “A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.” New York: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.

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• Period: Asuka Period / Nara Period
• Occupation: Udajin, Sadaijin
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Fujiwara no Miyako (sister) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (sister) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (brother) Fujiwara no Umakai (brother) Fujiwara no Maro (brother) Fujiwara no Toyonari (son) Fujiwara no Nakamaro (son) Fujiwara no Otomaro (son) Fujiwara no Kosemaro (son) Fujiwara no Sadatsugu (son)
• Birth: 680AD
• Death: 737AD

Fujiwara no Muchimaro

Fujiwara no Muchimaro (藤原 武智麻呂) was a member of the Fujiwara Clan living from 680-737. He was the son of Fujiwara no Fubito and founder of the Nanke Branch of the Fujiwara Clan. His sons were Fujiwara no Toyonari, Fujiwara no Nakamaro,¹ Fujiwara no Otomaro,² Fujiwara no Kosemaro and Fujiwara no Sadatsugu.³

He was appointed Udajin in 734 and later Sadaijin in 737 and would die in a small pox epidemic in 737.¹

Footnotes

1. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
2. Brinkley, F. (1915) “A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.” New York: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.
3. Kodansha. (1993) ”Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia”. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

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• Period: Asuka Period / Nara Period
• Occupation:
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Fujiwara no Nagate (son) Fujiwara no Matate (son) Fujiwara no Kiyokawa (son) Fujiwara no Torikai (son) Fujiwara no Uona (son) Fujiwara no Miyako (sister) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (sister) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (brother) Fujiwara no Umakai (brother) Fujiwara no Maro (brother)
• Birth: 681AD
• Death: 737AD

Fujiwara no Fusasaki

Fujiwara no Fusasaki (藤原 房前) was the founder of the Hokke Branch of the Fujiwara Clan, living from 681-737. He was the son of Fujiwara no Fubito, having several brothers and sisters. These being, Fujiwara no Miyako, Fujiwara no Asukabehime, Fujiwara no Muchimaro, Fujiwara no Umakai and Fujiwara no Maro.¹

He also had several sons, these being Fujiwara no Nagate, Fujiwara no Kiyokawa¹, Fujiwara no Matate,² Fujiwara no Uona and Fujiwara no Torikai.³

In 737 he died during a Small Pox Epidemic.¹

Footnotes

1. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
2. Brinkley, F. (1915) “A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.” New York: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.
3. Kodansha. (1993) ”Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia”. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

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• Period: Nara Period
• Occupation: –
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Sakanoue no Iratsume (wife) Fujiwara no Hamanari (son) Fujiwara no Miyako (sister) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (sister) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (brother) Fujiwara no Umakai (brother) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (brother)
• Birth: 695
• Death: 737

Fujiwara no Maro

Fujiwara no Maro (藤原 麻呂) was the son of Fujiwara no Fubito and husband to Sakanoue no Iratsume, living from 695-737AD.¹ His son was Fujiwara no Hamanari.²

During his life he founded the Kyōke branch of the Fujiwara Clan and in 737 during a smallpox epidemic he and his brothers died.¹

Footnotes

1. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
2. Rabinovich, J. (1991) “Wasp and Waists and Monkey Tails: A Study and Translation of Hamanari’s Uta no Shiki (The Code of Poetry, 772). Also known as Kakyō Hyōshiki (A Formulary for Verse Based on the Canons of Poetry)”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol.51, No.2 pp.471-560

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• Period: Nara Period
• Occupation: Prince
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Empress Kōken (daughter) Emperor Shōmu (husband) Fujiwara no Miyako (sister) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (brother) Fujiwara no Umakai (brother) Fujiwara no Maro (brother) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (brother)
• Birth: –
• Death:-

Fujiwara no Asukabehime

Fujiwara no Asukabehime (藤原 安宿媛), later known as Empress Kōmyō (光明皇后) was a part of the Fujiwara Clan. Wife to Emperor Shōmu, she was the daughter of Fujiwara no Fubito.

She bore a son for the Emperor, however the child died before reaching one years of age. Later she was bestowed the title of Kōgō (Empress-Consort),’ and given the name Kōmyō. This was the first time someone not of Imperial Blood had been given the honor and occurred in AD729 after all opposition was mowed down.

Shōmu made their daughter Kōken, Princess-Regent, this also being the first time this occurred. When her husband abdicated for her daughter she received the title Kōtaigō, ‘Great Retired Empress-Consort. This honorary titles helped the Fujiwara Clan to gain many high ranking positions at court.

She is also noted to have helped her nephew Fujiwara no Nakamarō by moving him from position to position, leading eventually to him being admitted into the highest councils of state. ¹

Footnotes

1. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.

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• Reign: 724-749AD
• Period: Nara Period
• Family: Emperor Monmu (father) Fujiwara no Miyako (mother) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (wife) Empress Kōken (daughter)
• Burial Place: –
• Order of Succession: Predecessor Empress Genshō * Successor Empress Kōken

Emperor Shōmu

Emperor Shōmu (聖武天皇) was the 45th Emperor of Japan. He was the son of Emperor Monmu and Fujiwara no Miyako and husband to Fujiwara no Asukabehime. Prior to his reign he was called Prince Obito.

Ascension

Initially Empress Genmei’s (his grandmother’s) claim to the throne enabled his eventual succession. However, after her abdication in 715AD she choose her daughter Genshō instead of Shōmu.

He did eventually ascended as Emperor, after the Fujiwara Clan surrounded him with advisers, attendants and tutors which helped to engineer his ascension. Shōmu ruled from AD724-749.¹

His wife Asukabehime eventually bore him a son, however he died before reaching his first year. Due to this Shōmu decided to make Asukabehime’s daughter Kōken Princess-Regent, which was the first time this occurred. He abdicated in favor of his daughter, the Emperor being bestowed the title of Daijō Tennō. Upon his deathbed he named a Crown Prince for Kōken, but the promise to uphold this position was violated within the year due to the interference of Fujiwara no Nakamarō.¹

Aides

The courtier and bureaucrat Yamabe no Akahito is cited to have given his services to the Emperor during his lifetime. ²

Residence

Between 741-44AD Yamashiro Province held the offical residence of Emperor Shōmu at Kuni no Miya in the southern part of the Province.³

Footnotes

1. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.
2. MacMillan, P. (2018) ”One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse”. St. Ives: Penguin Classics.
3. Kodansha. (1993) ”Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia”. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

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• Period: Asuka Period
• Occupation: –
• Family: Fujiwara no Fubito (father) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (sister) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (brother) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (brother) Fujiwara no Umakai (brother) Fujiwara no Maro (brother)
• Birth: –
• Death:-

Fujiwara no Miyako

Fujiwara no Miyako  (藤原宮子) was a member of the Fujiwara Clan and daughter of Fujiwara no Fubito.

During her lifetime should would become wife to Emperor Monmu and give birth to Prince Obito (Emperor Shōmu).¹

Footnotes

1. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.

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• Period: Asuka Period
• Occupation: Dainagon, Udajin
• Family: Nakatomi no Kamatari (father) Fujiwara no Higami no Iratsume (sister) Fujiwara no Ioe no Iratsume (sister) Fujiwara no Miyako (daughter) Fujiwara no Asukabehime (daughter) Fujiwara no Muchimaro (son) Fujiwara no Fusasaki (son) Fujiwara no Umakai (son) Fujiwara no Maro (son)
• Birth: 659AD
• Death: 720AD

Fujiwara no Fubito

Fujiwara no Fubito (藤原 不比等) was a member of the Fujiwara Clan living from 659-720AD²³. He was father of Miyako and Asukabehime as well as being grandfather to Prince Obito.¹

He was also the father of Fujiwara no Muchimaro, Fusasaki, Umakai and Maro.² These four sons would each found a different branch of the Fujiwara Clan. The Nanke, Hokke, Shikike and Kyōke.²³ He was the second son of Nakatomi no Kamatari.³

During his lifetime he gave his support to Empress Genmei’s claim to the throne to secure his grandson’s future claim to the throne as Obito’s mother was his daughter Miyako.¹ He would also see his two daughters married to the Emperors Monmu and Shōmu.²³

He helped draw up the Taiho Code in 701²³ and due to this found himself recieving the rank of dainagon and later udajin, a rank he held through the reigns of Jitō, Genmei and Genshō.²

Later in 718 he began the compilation of the Yōrō Code, but died before its completion.³

After his death he was posthumously given the title of Dajō Daijin and four poems of his can be found in the Kaifūso.²³

Footnotes

1. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.
2. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
3. Kodansha. (1993) ”Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia”. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.

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• Reign: 697-707AD
• Period: Asuka Period
• Family: Prince Kusakabe (father) Empress Genmei (mother) Empress Jitō (grandmother)
• Burial Place: –
• Order of Succession: Predecessor Empress Jitō * Successor Empress Genmei

Emperor Monmu

Emperor Monmu (文武天皇) was the 42nd Emperor of Japan. He was the son of Prince Kusakabe and Empress Genmei, and he was father to Prince Obito through his marriage with Fujiwara no Miyako.

Reign

His grandmother Empress Jitō abdicates for him and so he came to the throne aged 15. His grandmother aided him in holding onto power, meaning that when she died six years later his rule came under threat.¹

The Bell of Dōdōji

According to notes by Toriyama Sekien, a bell now housed in Myōmanji in Kyoto, was once a bell from Dōjōji forged under the instructions of Emperor Monmu. This bell has connections with the yōkai Dōjōji no kane.²

Footnotes

1. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.
2. Yoda, H. and Alt, M. (2016) “Japandemonium: Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopaedia of Toriyama Sekien.”. New York: over Publications, Inc.

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• First Ruler: Fujiwara no Kamatari
• Final Ruler: –
• Dissolution: –
• Parent House: Nakatomi Clan
• For a full list of Japanese Clans see: Clans.

Fujiwara Clan

The Fujiwara Clan (藤原氏) is a descendant of the Nakatomi Clan and came into existence after Nakatomi no Kamatari had his family name changed by Emperor Tenji for the aid and assistance his lieutenant had given him prior to his reign.¹

In the 7th Century, this clan began to eclipse the Imbe Clan, leading Imbe no Hironari to desperately try and claim back some fame for his Clan by publishing the Kogo Shūi.²

The 8th century sees the Clan backing Empress Genmei’s claim to the throne as the mother of her son (Emperor Monmu), was a daughter of Fujiwara no Fubito. His daughter Asukabehime, would ensure this Clan gained much higher ranking positions at court after receiving the title of ‘Great Retired Empress Consort’ after her husband Emperor Shōmu abdicated. They also played a pivotal role in engineering the ascension of Emperor Shōmu by surrounding him with advisers, attendants and tutors.³

One of those to receive a high ranking position was Fujiwara no Nakamarō who would eventually help orchestrate the Emperor Junnin to take the throne. However, eventually after a plot to replace Junnin with a new candidate after Nakamarō steals the Privy Seal in 764AD, he is captured with his wife, exiled and killed by Empress Kōken.³

Members of the House

• • Jien – c.1155-1225AD
  • Fujiwara no Akihira – 989-1066
  • Fujiwara no Akimitsu – 944-1021
  • Fujiwara no Akirakeiko – 829-900
  • Fujiwara no Akisue – 1054-1122
  • Fujiwara no Akisuke – 1090-1155
  • Fujiwara no Akitada – 898-953
  • Fujiwara no Anshi – 927-964
  • Fujiwara no Arihira – 891-970
  • Fujiwara no Ariie – 1155-1216
  • Fujiwara no Asateru – d.995
  • Fujiwara no Asukabehime
  • Fujiwara no Atsutada – 906-943
  • Fujiwara no Atsumitsu – 1062-1144
  • Fujiwara no Atsumoto
  • Fujiwara no Atsutoshi
  • Fujiwara no Chōshi – d.982
  • Fujiwara no Dōshi
  • Fujiwara no Enshi – 944-1021
  • Fujiwara no Fubito – 659-720
  • Fujiwara no Fusasaki – 681-737
  • Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu – 775-826
  • Fujiwara no Fuyuo
  • Fujiwara no Genshi – 1016-1039
  • Fujiwara no Gōshin
  • Fujiwara no Hamanari – 711-790
  • Fujiwara no Hidehira – 1096-1187
  • Fujiwara Hidesato (From the Folktale My Lord Bag of Rice)
  • Fujiwara no Higami no Iratsume
  • Fujiwara no Hirotsugu – d.740
  • Fujiwara no Iefusa
  • Fujiwara no Ienaga – 1192-1264
  • Fujiwara no Ienari
  • Fujiwara no Ienobu
  • Fujiwara no Ietada
  • Fujiwara no Ietaka – 1158-1237
  • Fujiwara no Ikushi
  • Fujiwara no Ioe no Iratsume
  • Fujiwara no Ishi – 999-1036
  • Fujiwara no Izuko
  • Fujiwara no Junshi
  • Fujiwara no Jutsushi
  • Fujiwara no Kadanomaro
  • Fujiwara no Kaishi – 945-975
  • Fujiwara no Kamatari – 614-669
  • Fujiwara no Kanefusa
  • Fujiwara no Kanehira – 1228-1294
  • Fujiwara no Kaneie – 929-990
  • Fujiwara no Kaneko
  • Fujiwara no Kanemichi – 925-977
  • Fujiwara no Kanenaga – 1138-1158
  • Fujiwara no Kanesue
  • Fujiwara no Kanetaka
  • Fujiwara no Kaneyori
  • Fujiwara no Kanshi
  • Fujiwara no Katako – b.999
  • Fujiwara no Keishi
  • Fujiwara no Kenshi
  • Fujiwara no Kiminobu
  • Fujiwara no Kishi – 1007-1025
  • Fujiwara no Kiyohira – 1056-1128
  • Fujiwara no Korechika – 973-974-1010
  • Fujiwara no Koretada – 924-972
  • Fujiwara no Kenshi – 994-1027
  • Fujiwara no Kinkata – 1291-1360
  • Fujiwara no Kinsue – 956-1029
  • Fujiwara no Kintō – 966-1041
  • Fujiwara no Kintsugu – 1175-1227
  • Fujiwara no Kin’yoshi
  • Fujiwara no Kiyohira – 1056-1128
  • Fujiwara no Kiyokawa – c.706-c.779
  • Fujiwara no Kiyonari
  • Fujiwara no Kiyosuke – 1104-1177
  • Fujiwara no Korekata – b.1125
  • Fujiwara no Korekimi
  • Fujiwara no Koremichi – 1093-1165
  • Fujiwara no Kosemaro
  • Fujiwara no Kurajimaro – 734-775
  • Fujiwara no Kusuko – d.810
  • Fujiwara no Manatsu
  • Fujiwara no Maro – 695-737
  • Fujiwara no Masako – 1121-1181
  • Fujiwara no Masatsune – 1170-1221
  • Fujiwara no Masuko – 1140-1201
  • Fujiwara no Matate – 715-766
  • Fujiwara no Michifusa
  • Fujiwara no Michikane – 961-995
  • Fujiwara no Michimasa – 992-1054
  • Fujiwara no Michinaga – 966-1028
  • Fujiwara no Michinobu – 972-994
  • Fujiwara no Michitaka – 954-974
  • Fujiwara no Michitsuna
  • Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha – c.931-c.995
  • Fujiwara no Mitsunaga – d.1187
  • Fujiwara no Mitsutaka
  • Fujiwara no Mitsutoshi
  • Fujiwara no Miyako
  • Fujiwara no Momokawa – 734-779
  • Fujiwara no Moromichi – 1062-1099
  • Fujiwara no Moronaga – 1138-1192
  • ujiwara no Morosuke – 908-960
  • Fujiwara no Morotada
  • Fujiwara no Morozane – 1042-1101
  • Fujiwara no Moshi
  • Fujiwara no Motohira
  • Fujiwara no Motoie – 13th Century.
  • Fujiwara no Mototada
  • Fujiwara no Mototoshi – 1060-1142
  • Fujiwara no Mototsune – 836-891
  • Fujiwara no Muchimaro – 680-737
  • Fujiwara no Munemichi
  • Fujiwara no Murao
  • Fujiwara no Nagaie
  • Fujiwara no Nagako
  • Fujiwara no Nagara
  • Fujiwara no Nagate – 714-771
  • Fujiwara no Nakahira – 875-945
  • Fujiwara no Nakamarō – 706-764
  • Fujiwara no Nakanari – 774-810
  • Fujiwara no Narichika – 1138-1178
  • Fujiwara no Naritoshi
  • Fujiwara no Naritsune – d.1202
  • Fujiwara no Nobunaga – 1022-1094
  • Fujiwara no Nobunari
  • Fujiwara no Nobutaka
  • Fujiwara no Nobuyori – 1133-1159
  • Fujiwara no Norikane – d.1165
  • Fujiwara no Norimichi – 996-1075
  • Fujiwara no Norinaga – 1109-1177
  • Fujiwara no Oguromaro – 733-794
  • Fujiwara no Okikaze – fl. late 9th century.
  • Fujiwara no Onatsu
  • Fujiwara no Onshi I – 872-907
  • Fujiwara no Onshi II – 885-954
  • Fujiwara no Otoaki
  • Fujiwara no Otomaro
  • Fujiwara no Otomuro – 760-790
  • Fujiwara no Otsugu – 773-843
  • Fujiwara no Renshi – 1301-1359
  • Fujiwara no Sadakata – 873-932
  • Fujiwara no Sadanaga – 1139-1202
  • Fujiwara no Sadatsugu
  • Fujiwara no Sadayori – 995-1045
  • Fujiwara no Sanekata – d.998
  • Fujiwara no Saneuji – 1194-1269AD
  • Fujiwara no Sanesada – 1139-1191
  • Fujiwara no Sanesuke – 957-1046
  • Fujiwara no Saneyori – 900-970
  • Fujiwara no Senshi – 967-1006
  • Fujiwara no Shinshi
  • Fujiwara no Shōshi – 988-1074
  • Fujiwara no Shunzei – 1114-1204
  • Fujiwara no Sonshi
  • Fujiwara no Suenawa
  • Fujiwara no Suishi
  • Fujiwara no Sukemasa – 944-998
  • Fujiwara no Sumitomo – d.941
  • Fujiwara no Tabiko
  • Fujiwara no Tadabumi – 873-947
  • Fujiwara no Tadahira – 880-949
  • Fujiwara no Tadamichi – 1097-1164
  • Fujiwara no Tadanobu – 967-1035
  • Fujiwara no Tadanori
  • Fujiwara no Tadazane – 1078-1162
  • Fujiwara no Takaie – 974-1044
  • Fujiwara no Takamitsu
  • Fujiwara no Takasuke
  • Fujiwara no Takatada
  • Fujiwara no Tamekane – 1254-1332
  • Fujiwara no Tamemitsu – d.944
  • Fujiwara no Taneie
  • Fujiwara no Tanetsugu – 737-785
  • Fujiwara no Teika – 1164-1241
  • Fujiwara no Teishi – 1131-1176AD
  • Fujiwara no Tokihira – 871-909
  • Fujiwara no Tokimitsu – d.1015
  • Fujiwara no Tomoyasu – 12th century
  • Fujiwara no Torikai
  • Fujiwara no Tōshi – d.975
  • Fujiwara no Toshiie
  • Fujiwara no Toshiyuki – d.901/907
  • Fujiwara no Toyohiko
  • Fujiwara no Toyonari – 704-765
  • Fujiwara no Tsuginawa – 727-796
  • Fujiwara no Tsugukage
  • Fujiwara no Tsuneko – d.986AD
  • Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu
  • Fujiwara no Tsuneyoshi
  • Fujiwara no Tsunezane
  • Fujiwara no Uchimaro – 756-812
  • Fujiwara no Umakai – 694-737
  • Fujiwara no Uona – 721-783
  • Fujiwara no Yamakage
  • Fujiwara no Yasuhira – d.1189
  • Fujiwara no Yasumasa – 958-1036
  • Fujiwara no Yorimichi – 992-1074
  • Fujiwara no Yorimune – d.1066
  • Fujiwara no Yorinaga
  • Fujiwara no Yoritada – 924-989
  • Fujiwara no Yoshifusa – 804-872
  • Fujiwara no Yoshikado – 8th Century
  • Fujiwara no Yoshikane
  • Fujiwara no Yoshinaga
  • Fujiwara no Yoshino – 786-848
  • Fujiwara no Yoshinobu
  • Fujiwara no Yoshiko – 1225-1292
  • Fujiwara no Yoshisuke – 813-867
  • Fujiwara no Yoshitaka – 954-974
  • Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu
  • Fujiwara no Yukiie – 1223-1275
  • Fujiwara no Yukitsune
  • Fujiwara no Yukinaga – 1202-after 1221
  • Fujiwara no Yukinari – 972-1027

Members from Descendant Houses

• • Kujō no Kanezane
  • Kujō Michiie
  • Kujō Yoritsugu
  • Matsudono Moroie
  • Matsudono Motofusa
  • Saionji Kintsune
  • Tosa Tsunetaka

Footnotes

1. Martin, P. (1997) ”The Chrysanthemum Throne”. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited.
2. Kodansha. (1993) ”Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia”. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.
3. Tsurumi, P. (1981) “Early Female Emperors” Historical Reflections Vol.8 No.1 pp.41-49.

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