Chūjō-hime (中将姫), also known as Princess Hase, is said to have been the daughter of Fujiwara no Toyonari and a ‘Princess Murasaki.’

A folktale has sprung up around her life.

Synopsis

In Nara lived Fujiwara no Toyonari married to Princess Murasaki. They had no child, which caused them sadness and so made pilgramage to Hase-no-Kwannon and their prayer for a child was answered. Upon her birth they chose to call her Hasehime from the name of the temple.

When five years old her mother fell gravely ill, before she died telling her daughter to grow up to be a model woman.

After her death her father remarried to a woman called Princess Terute and she was a cruel step-mother to Hasehime.

Hasehime studied hard in the art of music and poetry and aged twelve she and her step-mother were summoned to court to perform. Hasehime played beautifully, but the Princess Terute as she didn’t often study had to have someone else finish her performance. The Emperor praises Hasehime giving her many beautiful girls as a reward, and the step-mother grew angrier and jealous.

She was also jealous as she felt if Hasehime didn’t exist, the son she had had with Toyonari would have all the love from his father.

And so she makes a plan to poison and kill Hasehime. She gives wine to her son and Hasehime but in the act mistakenly gives the posioned wine to her son and so her son dies.

When Hasehime turns 13, heavy rains had caused floods and the river Tatsuta was close to breaking its banks. The noise of the water causing the Emperor that he came down with a nervous disorder. Orders were sent for priests to pray for the floods to end but it didn’t work.

Legends of the time a poetess (Ono no Komachi) had stopped rain by praying in verse to Heaven, and so they called on Hasehime to do the same. After reciting the poem she had written the river quietened and the Emperor regain his health. She was rewards for this with the rank of Lieutenant General and so we given a new name Chūjō-hime.

The step-mother was furious and jealous and began to spread lies about her to the girls father, though he said they were all false. One day Hasehime’s father was absent and so the step-mother takes the opportunity to have her killed in the Hibari Mountains. She orders her vassal Kotoda to take her, saying she needed to be killed to prevent disgrace falling on the familiy for something she had done. Kotoda knew this was a lie and vowed to save her life instead.

When Toyonari returns the cruel step-mother says Hasehime ran away because of something she had done. He takes his men hunting into the mountains, and hearing a girl singing find Hasehime in a mountain hut. Kotada then reveals the events of the cruel step-mother. A messenger is sent home with the good news of Hasehime being found and the cruel step-mother flees back to her father in disgrace and is never seen again. After this she grows to an old age and gave birth to the familiy heir before her father retired.

It is said a piece of her needlework still exits to this day in a temple in Kyoto.¹

Footnotes

1. Ozaki, Y.T. (2015) “Japanese Fairy Tales” USA: Cavalier Classics.

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• • Period: Asuka Period / Nara Period
  • Occupation: Minister. Statesman
  • Family: Fujiwara no Muchimaro (father) Fujiwara no Nakamaro (brother) Fujiwara no Otomaro (brother) Fujiwara no Kosemaro (brother) Fujiwara no Sadatsugu (brother) Fujiwara no Tsuginawa (son) Chūjō-hime (daughter)
  • Birth: 704AD
  • Death: 765AD

Fujiwara no Toyonari

Fujiwara no Toyonari (藤原 豊成) was a member of the Fujiwara Clan, more specifically the Nanke Branch of this clan.

He was the eldest son of Fujiwara no Muchimaro living from 704-765AD and had a son named Fujiwara no Tsuginawa. During his life he was a statesman as well as minister during the reigns of Empress Genshō and Emperor Shōmu.

He was also known as Naniwa no Daijin.¹

There is a folktale stating he was the father of Chūjō-hime (中将姫) who he had with a ‘Princess Murasaki.’²

Footnotes

1. Louis Frederic, translated by Kathe Roth (2002) “Japan Encyclopedia”. London: Harvard University Press.
2. Ozaki, Y.T. (2015) “Japanese Fairy Tales” USA: Cavalier Classics.

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Hear about Ono no Komachi on Episode 2 of our Podcast, the Japan Archives.

• • See also: Ono no Komachi Poems

• • Period: Heian Period
  • Occupation: Waka Poet
  • Family:
  • Birth: mid 9th Century
  • Death: –

Ono no Komachi

Ono no Komachi (小野 小町) was born around the mid 9th century and was possibly a lady-in-waiting under Emperor Ninmyō and Emperor Montoku. It is well attested she was a woman of great beauty who treated her lovers cruelly, however, it is likely this is merely a legend. In fact there are many legends now revolving around her it is difficult to separate the truth from the myth.

Her fame in poetry saw that she was included in Kinto’s list of the Thirty-Six Poetic Geniuses, as well as Thirty-Six Women Poetic Geniuses. Prior to this she is included as part of the Six Poetic Geniuses, and she is the only woman in this list of six.

Her poetry is collected in numerous works including the Kokinshū and Gosenshū, however, only 21 poems attributed to her are seen as authentic. There are many poems attributed to her in later sources that may likely not be hers. The Komachi-shū (Collected Poems of Komachi), created after her death also contains poetry that is unlikely to be hers.¹

A folktale concerning Chūjō-hime relates how one time in her live Ono no Komachi stopped the rain by praying a verse to Heaven.³

Famously one of her poems can be found in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred Poems, One Poet Each). Her poem is the 9th in the anthology and reads:¹

Due to her fame she has appeared in 7 Noh plays. One is entitled, One Fumigara (The Love Letters), by Tsumura Kimiko (1902-74).¹

Footnotes

1. MacMillan, P. (2018) ”One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse”. St. Ives: Penguin Classics.
2. Suzuki, H. et al. (1997) ”Genshoku: Ogura Hyakunin Isshu”. Tokyo: Bun’eidō.
3. Ozaki, Y.T. (2015) “Japanese Fairy Tales” USA: Cavalier Classics.

Six Poetic Geniuses
Otomo Kuronushi * Priest Kisen * Ono no Komachi * Archbishop Henjo * Ariwara no Narihira * Fun'ya no Yasuhide

Thirty Six Women Poetic Geniuses
Ono no Komachi * Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha

Thirty Six Poetic Geniuses
Lady Ise * Yamabe no Akahito * Ariwara no Narihira * Ki no Tomonori * Sarumaru Taifu * Ono no Komachi * Fujiwara no Kanesuke * Fujiwara no Atsutada * Fujiwara no Toshiyuki * Minamoto no Muneyuki * Minamoto no Shitagō * Kiyohara no Motosuke * Sakanoue no Korenori * Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu * Fujiwara no Okikaze * Fujiwara no Asatada

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The post Ono no Komachi appeared first on . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史.